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© 2017 IUPAC & De Gruyter. The new efficient and environmentally safe methods for preparation of various classes of organic and organoelement compounds, including organonickel sigma-complexes and organophosphorus compounds bearing P-C bonds have been created using the electrochemical methods. The synthetic application of the elaborated techniques towards the process of formation of new carbon-carbon, carbon-metal and carbon-phosphorus bonds are discussed. The mechanisms of the proposed processes and the nature of the formed in the overall electrochemical process intermediates are disclosed. The elaborated methods operated in the principals of "green chemistry" can be considered as an efficient alternative to some classical methods for preparation of active catalysts, biologically active molecules and new polynuclear complexes displaying practically useful properties

Social and territorial aspects of the national economic security in Russia

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved. In the work in addition to the traditional division of national security into economic, financial, military, food, etc. social and territorial types of security are identified. The authors do not divide the national economic security into subtypes, they attempt to reveal the complex of social and territorial problems relating to the national economic security of modern Russia

Rendu-Osler-weber disease. Case report

Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is the most frequently observed genetic hemorrhagic angiopathy with local wall thinning, distention of microcirculation vessels' lumen, and incomplete local hemostasis. This pathology is inherited per autosomal-dominant type with a various pathologic gene's frequency of occurrence. As per the literature, the frequency of occurrence of this anomaly equals 1:100 000, although as of today, according to the newest studies, it is possible that the number of this nosology's events would increase up to 1:5000-8000. According to the modern ideas, Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is an example of vascular pathology (with the distress of anatomical continuity of vessels) with a congenital tendency to malformation of blood vessels (vascular dysplasia). This anomaly is characterized by the inadequacy of mesenchyme. The anatomical substrate of the disease of represented by thinning of the vessel wall with the lack of elastic and muscular layers. That's why the wall is represented by the endothelium solely, surrounded by the loose connective tissue. Because of this, arteriovenous aneurysms appear, which cause hemorrhages due to the vulnerability of vessel walls

The interaction between the state and small business in Russian regions

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved. The research is devoted to the issue of the prospects of small and medium-sized businesses influence on economic development of the country. The state support of development of small and medium business in Russia at the Federal and regional levels have been investigated. The analysis of experience in the development of small and medium business in several countries around the world was conducted. According to obtained results key directions of development of small and medium business in the region are revealed, recommendations for local authorities to support small and medium enterprises are given

Coherent manipulation of dipolar coupled spins in an anisotropic environment

We study coherent dynamics in a system of dipolar coupled spin qubits diluted in solid and subjected to a driving microwave field. In the case of rare earth ions, anisotropic crystal background results in anisotropic g tensor and thus modifies the dipolar coupling. We develop a microscopic theory of spin relaxation in transient regime for the frequently encountered case of axially symmetric crystal field. The calculated decoherence rate is nonlinear in Rabi frequency. We show that the direction of static magnetic field that corresponds to the highest spin g-factor is preferable in order to obtain higher number of coherent qubit operations. The results of calculations are in excellent agreement with our experimental data on Rabi oscillations recorded for a series of CaWO4 crystals with different concentrations of Nd3+ ions.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Nickel and palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Synthesis and application in cross-coupling reactions

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used as ligands in catalysis by transition metal complexes. The catalytic activity of transition metal NHC complexes is much higher than that of the transition metal complexes bearing the phosphine and nitrogen-containing ligands. They show excellent catalytic performance in different transformations of the organic compounds, especially in the carbon—carbon and carbon—element bond forming reactions. Palladium NHC complexes are very efficient catalysts for the cross-coupling reactions. On the other hand, nickel is less expensive and regarded as a promising alternative to palladium and, therefore, it attracts increasing attention from the researches. The present review is focused on the recent advances in the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of nickel and palladium and their application in catalysis of cross-coupling reactions of organic, organoelement and organometallic compounds with organic halides

Temperature dependence of the EPR linewidth of Yb3+ - ions in Y0.99Yb0.01Ba2Cu3OX compounds: Evidence for an anomaly near TC

Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments on doped Yb3+ ions in YBaCuO compounds with different oxygen contents have been made. We have observed the strong temperature dependence of the EPR linewidth in the all investigated samples caused by the Raman processes of spin-lattice relaxation. The spin-lattice relaxation rate anomaly revealed near TC in the superconducting species can be assigned to the phonon density spectrum changesComment: 10 pages, 4 figures Renewed versio

Coherent spin dynamics in a gadolinium-doped CaW O4 crystal

© 2017 American Physical Society.We report the first observation of Rabi oscillations in the spin-7/2 ensemble of trivalent gadolinium ions hosted in CaWO4 single crystal. A number of transitions within the lowest electronic multiplet 8S7/722 of Gd3+ ion are studied using a combination of continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The corresponding Rabi damping curves and the spin coherence times are detected at varying strengths of the microwave field. These data are well reproduced by a theoretical model which accounts for the intrinsic inhomogeneity of the microwave field within the microwave resonator and the magnetic dipole interactions in the diluted spin ensemble. The results indicate that the studied 8-level ground manifold of Gd3+ ion can represent an effective three-qubit quantum system

Study of the effects of hydroxyapatite nanocrystal codoping by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance methods

© Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016.The effect of codoping of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystals with average sizes of 35 ± 15 nm during “wet” synthesis by CO2-3 carbonate anions and Mn2+ cations on relaxation characteristics (for the times of electron spin–spin relaxation) of the NO2-3 nitrate radical anion has been studied. By the example of HAP, it has been demonstrated that the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an efficient method for studying anioncation (co)doping of nanoscale particles. It has been shown experimentally and by quantummechanical calculations that simultaneous introduction of several ions can be energetically more favorable than their separate inclusion. Possible codoping models have been proposed, and their energy parameters have been calculated

First example of organonickel complex bearing three cyclic substituents in the σ-bonded aromatic ring: Bromo[(2,2' -bipyridine)-2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenylnickel]

© 2016 Mendeleev Communications. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.The electrochemical reduction of [NiBr2(bpy)] (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine) complex in the presence of 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenylbromide (TchpBr) in undivided electrochemical cell supplied with a sacrificial nickel anode results in the one-pot formation of an organonickel complex [NiBr(Tchp)(bpy)] bearing three cyclic substituents in the s-bonded aromatic ring. The synthesized complex was characterized by various methods including single crystal X-ray analysis